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Liquidators were the civil and military personnel who were called upon to deal with consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster in the Soviet Union on the site of the event. The liquidators are widely credited with limiting both the immediate and long-term damage from the disaster. Liquidators are qualified for significant social benefits due to their veteran status. Many liquidators were praised as heroes by the Soviet government and the press, while some struggled for years to have their participation officially recognized. == Name and scope of the appellation == The colloquial term "Liquidator" ((, (ベラルーシ語:ліквідатар), (ロシア語:ликвида́тор), ''likvidator'') originates from the Soviet official definition "участник ликвидации последствий аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС" (''uchastnik likvidatsyi'' ''posledstviy avarii na Tchernobylskoi AES'', literally "participant in liquidation of the Chernobyl NPP accident consequences") which was widely used to describe the Liquidators' activities regarding their employment, healthcare and retirement. This exact phrase is engraved on the Soviet medals and badges awarded to the Liquidators. Chernobyl disaster management included thousands of occupations, positions and tasks, particularly including the following case examples: * Personnel of the reactors * * Yuri Korneev, Boris Stolyarchuk and Alexander Yuvchenko are the last surviving members of the Reactor No. 4 shift that was on duty at the moment of the catastrophe. Anatoly Dyatlov, who was in charge of the safety experiment at Reactor No. 4, died in 1995 of a heart attack. * Firefighters who immediately responded to the reactor accident * Civil Defense Troops of the Soviet Armed Forces who intensively worked on removal of contaminated materials and deactivation on the reactor itself and all affected territories * Internal Troops and police who provided security, access control and population evacuation. At least 749 servicepersons of the Ukrainian SSR's Ministry of Internal Affairs were decorated for their Liquidator effort (including three who are recognized as Heroes of the Soviet Union, and four as Heroes of Ukraine); the number considers the firefighters who were subordinated to the MVS at the time〔(У МВС вшанували учасників ліквідації наслідків аварії на ЧАЕС (ФОТО) ) 〕 * Military and civil medical and sanitation personnel * *groups of female janitors tasked with cleanup of food left inside abandoned homes to prevent outbreaks of infectious disease * *special hunting squads assigned to exterminate domestic animals left in evacuated settlements * Soviet Air Force and civil aviation units who fulfilled critical helicopter-assisted operations on the reactor building, air transportation and aerial radioactive contamination monitoring〔(Воздушная битва при Чернобыле ) in "Aviatsiya i Vremia" magazine, 2011, #2; 〕 * * Mykola Melnyk, Hero of the Soviet Union, a civilian helicopter pilot who placed radiation sensors on the reactor〔("Former Chernobyl Pilot Soars Above His Obstacles" ). ''The St. Petersburg Times''. May 31, 2005.〕 * Various civilian scientists, engineers, and workers involved in all stages of the disaster management * * Transportation workers * * A team of coal miners who built a large protective foundation to prevent radioactivity from entering the aquifer below the reactor. * * Construction professionals * Media and performing arts professionals who risked their lives to document disaster on the ground and provide on-site entertainment events for the liquidators * * Photographers Igor Kostin and Volodymyr Shevchenko are credited with taking the most immediate and graphic pictures of the destroyed reactor and first months of the relief operation, including photos of Liquidators conducting highly-hazardous manual tasks Small number of foreigners (mostly from the Western countries) volunteered to participate in international medicine- and science-related on-the-ground projects related to relief operation. Technically, they may also qualify for Liquidator status depending on their exact location and tasks at the time of participation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Liquidator (Chernobyl)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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